Know more

About cookies

What is a "cookie"?

A "cookie" is a piece of information, usually small and identified by a name, which may be sent to your browser by a website you are visiting. Your web browser will store it for a period of time, and send it back to the web server each time you log on again.

Different types of cookies are placed on the sites:

  • Cookies strictly necessary for the proper functioning of the site
  • Cookies deposited by third party sites to improve the interactivity of the site, to collect statistics

Learn more about cookies and how they work

The different types of cookies used on this site

Cookies strictly necessary for the site to function

These cookies allow the main services of the site to function optimally. You can technically block them using your browser settings but your experience on the site may be degraded.

Furthermore, you have the possibility of opposing the use of audience measurement tracers strictly necessary for the functioning and current administration of the website in the cookie management window accessible via the link located in the footer of the site.

Technical cookies

Name of the cookie

Purpose

Shelf life

CAS and PHP session cookies

Login credentials, session security

Session

Tarteaucitron

Saving your cookie consent choices

12 months

Audience measurement cookies (AT Internet)

Name of the cookie

Purpose

Shelf life

atid

Trace the visitor's route in order to establish visit statistics.

13 months

atuserid

Store the anonymous ID of the visitor who starts the first time he visits the site

13 months

atidvisitor

Identify the numbers (unique identifiers of a site) seen by the visitor and store the visitor's identifiers.

13 months

About the AT Internet audience measurement tool :

AT Internet's audience measurement tool Analytics is deployed on this site in order to obtain information on visitors' navigation and to improve its use.

The French data protection authority (CNIL) has granted an exemption to AT Internet's Web Analytics cookie. This tool is thus exempt from the collection of the Internet user's consent with regard to the deposit of analytics cookies. However, you can refuse the deposit of these cookies via the cookie management panel.

Good to know:

  • The data collected are not cross-checked with other processing operations
  • The deposited cookie is only used to produce anonymous statistics
  • The cookie does not allow the user's navigation on other sites to be tracked.

Third party cookies to improve the interactivity of the site

This site relies on certain services provided by third parties which allow :

  • to offer interactive content;
  • improve usability and facilitate the sharing of content on social networks;
  • view videos and animated presentations directly on our website;
  • protect form entries from robots;
  • monitor the performance of the site.

These third parties will collect and use your browsing data for their own purposes.

How to accept or reject cookies

When you start browsing an eZpublish site, the appearance of the "cookies" banner allows you to accept or refuse all the cookies we use. This banner will be displayed as long as you have not made a choice, even if you are browsing on another page of the site.

You can change your choices at any time by clicking on the "Cookie Management" link.

You can manage these cookies in your browser. Here are the procedures to follow: Firefox; Chrome; Explorer; Safari; Opera

For more information about the cookies we use, you can contact INRAE's Data Protection Officer by email at cil-dpo@inrae.fr or by post at :

INRAE

24, chemin de Borde Rouge -Auzeville - CS52627 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex - France

Last update: May 2021

Menu Logo Principal logo Université Paris Saclay

Home page

Zone de texte éditable et éditée et rééditée

Research Project

Leptosphaeria maculans (anamorph Phoma lingam) causes stem canker of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and other crucifers. The disease is present in all regions of the world growing oilseed rape (or canola), except China.

L. maculans has a saprophytic life followed by a lengthy pathogenic life during which it behaves as an hemibiotroph. In Europe, the fungus lives as a saprobe on stem residues for many years, on which sexual reproduction takes place. In Autumn in France, shortly after the sowing of oilseed rape, pseudothecia differentiate and produce ascospores which are the primary and main infectious organs. Ascospores are disseminated by wind and land on cotyledons or leaves on which they germinate. Infectious hyphae penetrate the plant organs via natural apertures (stomata, wounds) and colonize the leaf mesophyl, eventually causing the typical greyish-green primary leaf symptom. This symptom supports production of asexual multiplication spores, of low relevance in the disease cycle, while mycelia undertake a systemic and symptomless colonization of leaf, petiole, stem and eventually crown tissues. Mycelia remain within the tissues as an endophyte for months and the fungus shifts to a necrotrophic behaviour at the end of the growing season in spring/summer. It then causes a stem basis necrosis that may result in lodging of the plant before harvest. Alternating lifestyles suggest the existence of a sophisticated molecular dialogue between the fungus and its host plant, and the ability for the fungus to set up complex and finely tuned biological programs.

 

cycle lepto

Fungicides are uneasy to use efficiently in this system, and control of the disease mainly relies on genetic resistance of oilseed rape. In the agronomical practice, major genes for resistance (Rlm genes) operating at the leaf stage are largely used but they are increasingly combined with high level of general resistance in order to maximise the durability of the Rlm genes.

 

Objectives of our researches are:

              - Understanding mechanisms underlying biotic interactions within the plant/pathogen ecosystem

              - Understanding adaptation and its spatio-temporal dynamics

              - Identification and evaluation of sustainable disease control methods.

 

 

Main results:

The team has established L. maculans as a model for the study of plant-fungal interactions leading to new concepts such as (i) genome plasticity and the rise of the “two-speed” genome paradigm; (ii) consequence of genome structure on waves of effector gene expression during plant colonization and their transcriptional and chromatin-based regulation, and on speed/mechanisms of adaptation to plant resistance, and (iii) occurrence of complex and unusual mechanisms to escape recognition of the fungus by the plant surveillance machinery.